There are 52 playing cards in a standard deck. Each card is assigned to one of four suits: diamonds, hearts, spades, or clubs. Within each suit, there are 13 ranks: Ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, and King.
One card is randomly selected from a standard deck of playing cards. Describe an outcome that is certain. Explain.
Selecting
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is certain.
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None of the cards are part of this group.
Every card is part of this group.
Some cards are part of this group and some cards are not.

Agroup of student volunteers participates in a study designed to assess several behavioral interventions for improving output in a repetitive task. prior to the beginning of the study, all volunteers unknowingly observed, and their output is measured. at the beginning of the study, prior to any intervention, the volunteers perform the same task under the observation of a study administrator, and their overall output increases. which of the following terms describes this phenomenon? a. simpson's paradox b. hawthorne effect are d. novelty effect d. pygmalion effect e. observer-expectancy effect