What do the documents reveal about the native americans involved in the conflict at sand creek? how would you assess the military's understanding and perception of the indians' intentions? to what extent were chivington's and evans's actions justified?

The Sand Creek Massacre took place in 1864 during the American Indian Wars, when Colonel Chivington charged against a village inhabited by native Indians (Cheyenne and Arapaho) and totally destroyed it, killing many people, mostly women and children. Chivington was under the ruling of Evans, the Governor of Colorado land at that time.

The local chief at Sand Creek had visited an American army fort looking for protection for his people, as claims on Indian lands were proliferating quickly and natives were sick of being pushed away all the time towards worse territories. He was told not to worry, as according to a treaty signed in 1851, Sand Creek's land had been legally granted to the Cheyennes.

But the next day he would find out that this was a false promise. A group of soldiers had surrounded Sand Creek. Right before the attack, the Indians had shown an American Flag as a symbol of their desire to keep peace and, trusting on the treaty, they had not prepared any defenses. Chivington ignored the peace intentions and gave orders to his men to kill and slaugther everybody they found in Sand Creek.

Analyzing the preambles, the chief of Sand Creek went to the fort seeking for protection as his people lacked the forces (only children and women were in town) and the military preparation to confront Colonel Chivington men, so he chose to negotiate instead. The Indians showed that their intentions were to avoid any conflict.

On the other hand, Chivington and Evans have gone down in history for comitting the worst massacres against natives. In this case, they violated their own agreement and attacked a town without any defenses. So they is no justification for their murders, in fact, Evans was forced to resign by  President Andrew Johnson in 1865 after having proved his direct involvement with the Sand Creek Massacre.  

its many islands, high mountains, and remote peninsulas isolated population centers.

both are true, the congress does have the power to create banks, even if this power is not specifically described in the constitution, since there is nothing restricting it and there is power given to the congress to make "all laws which shall be necessary and proper". maryland was not allowed to tax a branch of the national bank operating there, and the supreme court decided that no state could. both of these topics were discussed in a decision of the mcculloch v. maryland case in 1819.