describe how the structure of the cuticle, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and guard cells are adapted for their functions​

Cuticle - It also has a waxy material that protects the leaf from attacks by bacteria, protects inner tissues from mechanical damage and acts as a water proof layer to prevent excessive water loss.

Palisade mesophyll - They have many chloroplasts used to absorb light energy used for photosynthesis.

Spongy mesophyll - The cells are loosely packed together leaving air spaces that allow for air circulation and gaseous exchange.

Guard cell - They have thick inner walls and thin outer walls to control the opening and closing of the stomata.

each of the 46 original chromosomes splits into two daughter chromosomes, so there are two sets of 46 daughter chromosomes that end up in each cell. human cells have 46 chromosomes. each chromosome consists of a pair of identical chromatids attached together by a structure called a centromere.