Who designed the first widely used intelligence test for the purpose of identifying children who could benefit from remedial work?

Sam and ben have discovered some strange animals living in the woods behind their house. ben is excited because he believes they are marsupials, an animal he's never observed in the wild before. his brother is sure it is not. what feature should the boys consider in deciding whether the animals are marsupials?

Peggy feels sorry for smokers who have lung cancer because she believes they were duped by tobacco companies to develop a deadly addiction and are therefore not responsible for their disease. when asked to donate money to support lung cancer research, peggy gives generously. peggy’s prosocial behavior can best be explained by the arousal: cost-reward model. the negative state relief model. a norm of equity. attributions of responsibility.

Which argument for religious reform might be convincing to a priest, pope, or king?