About forty years ago, Charles de Gaulle was re-elected as President of France. As a thank-you to French voters, he declared that anyone who had an unpaid traffic ticket (parking violations, speeding, that sort of thing) did not have to pay the ticket. It was a wildly popular gesture -- and every French president since then has repeated it. What problem does this traffic ticket foregiveness create

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gold discovery in california, and pioneer settlers were sometimes pulled west because they wanted to make a better living. others received letters from friends or family members who had moved west. these letters often told about a good life on the frontier. the biggest factor that pulled pioneers west was the opportunity to buy land.

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