When forests are replaced with cities: producers make more food the balance of nature is unchanged
first-order consumers have less food to eat
second-order consumers have more food to eat

first-order consumers have less food to eat

Explanation:

First-order consumers are the organisms that is placed on the bottom of the Food Pyramid. They eat plants, algae and bacteria as their main source of energy. (such as deers, insects, small fish, etc)

When forests are replaced with cities, many types plants, algae and bacteria wouldn't able to adapt to the new environment. As a result, first-orders consumers will have less food to eat.

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the correct answer is :

{b.}   ( american workers lose job opportunities )

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