Shelly's study compared the effects of two different types of phonemic instruction on young children who volunteered to participate in the study. She gave each participant who completed the study two pencils and three stickers. These incentives are likely a strategy to decrease the threat of ___.

Differential Selection

Explanation: Differential Selection this is a selection threat with greatest concern when subjects cannot be randomly assigned to a treatment group, particularly if the groups had being unequal when the relevant variables were being considered before treatment intervention. By giving each participant pencils and stickers she is decreasing the threat of differential selection.

everyone knows that religion has a dangerous tendency to promote violence. this story is part of the conventional wisdom of western societies, and it underlies many of our institutions and policies, from limits on the public role of religion to efforts to promote democracy in the middle east.

explanation:

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