The model of racial identity development is applied to counseling settings with cross-racial dyads of clients and counselors, client racial preferences for counselors, and supervisor-supervisee cross-racial pairings; and used to explorehow racial identity can change over the life span.
a. Multidimensional Model of Racial Identityb. Cross Model of Black Racial Identityc. Hoffman's Stages of Racial Identity Developmentd. Helm's Model of White Racial Identity Development

b. Cross Model of Black Racial Identity

Explanation: The Cross model of Black Racial Identity developed by William Cross, focuses on the process by which African Americans come to understand  their identity. The model created a vital foundation for racial/ethnic identity psychology and has proved a framework for both individual and collective social change; and as it is not enough to know the racial identity of a person, counselors must also determine how much that individual identifies with their biological culture. The model has thus been applied to counseling settings with cross-racial dyads of clients and counselors, client racial preferences for counselors, and supervisor-supervisee cross-racial pairings; and  has been used in exploring how racial identity can change over the life span of individuals.

answer: musical connotation

leonard b. meyer (1918-2007) was an american composer, author and philosopher. his work emotion and meaning in music is perhaps the first major treatise on music. it is a philosophical and psychological work, greatly influenced by koffka (one of the major proponents of gestalt psychology). his work deals with the problem of musical meaning and musical communication.