predicts that societies with large discrepancies between socially approved goals--such as wealth and recognition--and the resources available to achieve those goals through legitimate channels will have higher rates of deviance than societies with relatively small discrepancies.

Merton's Strain Theory

Explanation:

Merton's Strain Theory is trying to tell us that the society puts strains in Individuals to do crime just so that they can meet up with what the society expects of them.

In sociology and criminology theory the theory states that "the society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream), even when they don't have the means to do so.

This leads to strain which may make people to commit crimes, such as selling drugs or prostituting just to gain financial security.

MERTON'S STRAIN THEORY predicts that societies that has large discrepancies between socially approved goal like such wealth and fame and the resources available to achieve those goals through legitimate channels will have higher rates of deviance than societies with relatively small discrepancies according to the question.

unless they converted, many non-christians (mainly jews and muslims) were persecuted

answer; by working independently, the states have a high likelihood of developing innovative solutions that can be employed in other states;