9. What ensures that all individuals have certain rights over the control and use of their medical records, and provides a clear path of recourse if their medical privacy is compromised?

HIPAA

Explanation: HIPAA Means

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. This act was made primarily to protect patients in terms of their medical records, treatment, medical records, what they want(their privacy) and any other health related issues concerning any patients. The Act seek (designed) to protect the right of patients in the United States. As in the clinical ethics, doctors are to respect whatever decision the patient takes on the course of their treatment, their privacy and medical records can only be Tampered with or released on their approval. Any treatment that does not suit a patient can be rejected by him or her and the patient also can choose to accept or reject any physician of his or her choice. Generally, the preference of the patients are respected.