At the level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors.

At the  preconventional level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors.

There are three levels of moral development which was stated by Kohlberg. They are pre conventional, conventional and post conventional.  In the level called the pre conventional level of moral development the sense of morality of an individual will be controlled by the external factors. They believe on what the persons who serve as an authority to them.

Those persons may be either parents or teachers. Those persons at pre conventional level or moral development can not find what is right and what is wrong on their own. They always depend on what the external factors such as parents or teachers makes them feel what is right and wrong and the consequences of the actions that can be realized.

c. reserves power to the states and people