Give a recursive definition of each of these sets of ordered pairs of positive integers. [Hint: Plot the points in the set in the plane and look for lines containing points in the set.] a) S = {(a, b) | a ∈ Z+ , b ∈ Z+ , and a + b is odd}

(2,1), (1,2) is your base step

if (a,b)   is in the set (a+1,b+1) will be in  the set

if  (a,b) is in the set (a+2,b) will be in the set

if (a,b) is in the set (a,b+2) will be in the set.

Step-by-step explanation:

Think about how to solve this problem in general. How can you assure that the sum a+b is odd ?

Think about this, what happens when you sum two even numbers ? The result is even or odd ?

2+6 = 8 (even  )

10+12 = 22 (even)

And what happens when you sum two odd numbers ? The result will be even or odd ?  Look

3+7 = 10 (even)

5+11 = 16 (even)

Therefore to assure that a+b is odd, one of them has to be odd and one of them has to be even, that is why

(2,1), (1,2) is your base step

if (a,b)   is in the set (a+1,b+1) will be in  the set

if  (a,b) is in the set (a+2,b) will be in the set

if (a,b) is in the set (a,b+2) will be in the set.

when functions are first introduced, you will probably have some simplistic "functions" and relations to deal with, usually being just sets of points. these won't be terribly useful or interesting functions and relations, but your text wants you to get the idea of what the domain and range of a function are. small sets of points are generally the simplest sorts of relations, so your book starts with those.

step-by-step explanation:

state the domain and range of the following relation. is the relation a function?

{(2, –3), (4, 6), (3, –1), (6, 6), (2, 3)}

the above list of points, being a relationship between certain x's and certain y's, is a relation. the domain is all the x-values, and the range is all the y-values. to give the domain and the range, i just list the values without duplication:

domain: {2, 3, 4, 6}

range: {–3, –1, 3, 6}

(it is customary to list these values in numerical order, but it is not required. sets are called "unordered lists", so you can list the numbers in any order you feel like. just don't duplicate: technically, repetitions are okay in sets, but most instructors would count off for this.)

while the given set does indeed represent a relation (because x's and y's are being related to each other), the set they gave me contains two points with the same x-value: (2, –3) and (2, 3). since x = 2 gives me two possible destinations (that is, two possible y-values), then this relation is not a function.

note that all i had to do to check whether the relation was a function was to look for duplicate x-values. if you find any duplicate x-values, then the different y-values mean that you do not have a function. remember: for a relation to be a function, each x-value has to go to one, and only one, y-value.

state the domain and range of the following relation. is the relation a function?

{(–3, 5), (–2, 5), (–1, 5), (0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 5)}

i'll just list the x-values for the domain and the y-values for the range:

c

step-by-step explanation: