Baltes and his colleagues have led the way in documenting the evolution of lifespan psychology in general, and the study of adult development and aging in particular. through their work they have found seven core assumptions consistent with the view that influences current lifespan developmental theory.

Contextual meta-theoretical view

Explanation:

Meta contextual is the subject matter of theory. All the researchers use meta theory to exemplify their research whether it is correct or not. If we say in a more specific and restricted manner that mathematical researches are about the meta theory of mathematical theory. In psychology it provides researchers a rich source of the concepts that help in the theories and concepts, methods emerge during researchers. Meta theories are the sub or small part of the theories from different concepts. It works as meta-analysis works in which sub-parts are combined and then do the research. A meta theory is also a concept like a meta-analysis in which small theories are combined that provide a great source of concepts and methods that emerges after the combination of these theories.

answer; /// i believe that the correct answer is (a) making presentations;

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.