What is the process by which heat transfers from one particle of matter to another when the particles collide?

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Astone is thrown into a pond. what happens to the amplitude of the resulting waves as they get farther from the point where the stone hit the water? explain.

Oxygen and hydrogen gas are at the same temperature t.what is the ratio of kinetic energies of oxygen molecule and hydrogen molecule if oxygen is 16 times heavier than hydrogen.