Participants sign a document affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve .This is known as what ?

Informed consent

Explanation:

Informed consent is one of the many principles guiding the research practices and ethics. It allows participants to participate in a research knowing that they are aware of the pros and cons, terms and condition, and other necessary information guiding the research.

Informed consent itself has four fundamental principles guiding it:

i. Participants must be able to make the decisions of whether or not to participate.

ii. The researcher must provide and disclose every necessary information pertaining to the research.

iii. It must be ascertainable that the participants understand these information and the research itself.

iv. Participation must be voluntarily and under no circumstance must it pose any form of duress on the participants.

this is poiselle's equation from fluid mechanic in physics. mech eng