You are working in a laser laboratory. Your current project involves suspending spherical glass beads in the Earth's gravitational field using a vertically directed laser beam. Today's experiment involves a black bead of radius r and density rho. Assuming that the radius of the laser beam is the same as that of the bead and that the beam is centered on the bead, determine the minimum laser power required to suspend this bead in equilibrium. (Use any variable or symbol stated above along with the following as necessary: g and c.)

P = m g c

Explanation:

For this exercise we use the transactional equilibrium equation

         ∑F = 0

         F-W = 0

         F = W

to determine the force exerted by the laser beam use the concept of pressure

          P = F / A

          F = P A

The pressure is the radiation pressure, as it indicates that the beads are black, they absorb all the radiation, therefore the root pressure is

         P = S / c

where S is the pointing vector that is equal to the intensity of the incident beam

        P = I / c

The area of a circle is

        A = π r²

we substitute in force

       F = I /c  π r²

of the equilibrium equation

      I / c π r² = mg

intensity is power per unit area, so

       P = I π r²

       P = m g c

detone P is the laser power

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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