The high albedo of venuss atmosphere (75%) lowers venuss surface temperature. carbon dioxide in venuss atmosphere raises venuss surface temperature. together, these effects result in a 735 k surface. if venus had no atmosphere, would it be colder or hotter when the sun is directly overhead? (venus is 0.72 au from the sun. assume that the albedo of venuss surface is the same as mercurys and earths moons: 12%.)