Explain what causes spring and neap tides, and identify the phases of the moon when these tides occur. be sure to mention what happens to earth’s crust, ocean water, and the positions of the sun, earth, and the moon.

Tides are water waves that have very long periods which occur in the ocean and are caused by the gravitational pull forces due to the Sun and Moon. The Earth's crust is stretched and compressed by the same gravitational forces that causes the tides

Tides can be categorized as; (1) spring tides, and (2) neap tides

Spring (springing forth, to jump) tides refers to the tides that occur during a new Moon or during a full Moon. That is, in both instances, when the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth, are almost in a single line, and therefore, the tide due to gravitational effect of the Sun and and that due to the gravitational effect of the Moon are combined giving the strongest of the two tide types

Neap tides takes place during a "half full" Moon when the Sun, and the Moon are aligned at right angles with the Earth at the vertex, which causes a partial cancellation of the ocean bulge due to the Moon by the ocean bulge of the Sun resulting in a moderate (lower than high tides, but higher than low tides) tide

Neap tides occurs seven days after the spring tide, and therefore, neap tides and spring tides both occur twice during each lunar month

Learn more about tides here:

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it about 600 mph from what i calculated

the independent variable, or the one that is intentionally manipulated is the speed.