Lincoln Junior High School asked all of their eighth grade students the question, “What is your favorite breakfast?” and 18 percent answered “pancakes.”
Based on this data, which of the following conclusions are valid?

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Step-by-step explanation:

All students in the eighth grade were surveyed, so we can make the valid conclusion that 18% of all students in the eighth grade at Lincoln Junior High School have pancakes as their favorite breakfast.

However, the question did not ask about the students' favorite meal of the day, so we cannot draw any valid conclusions about the students' favorite meal.

The valid conclusion:

18% of all students in the eighth grade at Lincoln Junior High School have pancakes as their favorite breakfast, but we cannot conclude anything about the percent of the population who have breakfast as their favorite meal.

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