Which pair of variables can possibly be correlated (as opposed to associated)?

sat scores and college grade point averages

religious affiliation and number of offspring

marital status and personal income

favorite band and peer likability as measured on a 5-point scale

We can look at each of the options to see whether or not the pair of variables can be correlated or associated. The most logical answer is the first option.

SAT scores and college grade point averages: The relationship between the variables can produce a linear relationship i.e., there is a direct relationship between one variable to the other.