Explain what a ore tax deduction is

Pretax deductions are taken from an employee's paycheck before any taxes are withheld. Because they are excluded from gross pay for taxation purposes, pretax deductions reduce taxable income and the amount of money owed to the government.

Explanation:

the effect of the ming leaders banning ships with more than two masts was that there was no further construction of ships masts, because there was a surplus. ming emperors disallowed foreign exploration