(mc)how did lawmakers use the fourteenth amendment to justify the passage of jim crow laws in the south?

a. they claimed that the fourteenth amendment did not apply to the south because the territory was no longer part of the united states.
b. they argued that the fourteenth amendment applied only to the actions of state governments, not private individuals or businesses.
c. they argued that the fourteenth amendment was unconstitutional because african americans were not legal citizens.
d. they claimed that the fourteenth amendment protected only the rights of african americans living in the north.

The correct answer out of all the choices is "B", "They argued that the Fourteenth Amendment applied only to the actions of state governments, not private individuals or businesses".

most are appointed by the president and confirmed by a vote in the senate. however, appeals court judges appoint federal bankruptcy judges, and district judges appoint federal magistrate judges. the qualifications for these positions vary depending on the preferences of the person reviewing nominees.

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separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.   the intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.  

the traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of american government are:

* the legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

* the executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

* the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

forty state constitutions specify that government be divided into three branches:   legislative, executive and judicial.   california illustrates this approach; "the powers of state government are legislative, executive, and judicial.   persons charged with the exercise of one power may not exercise either of the others except as permitted by this constitution."

while separation of powers is key to the workings of american government, no democratic system exists with an absolute separation of powers or an absolute lack of separation of powers. governmental powers and responsibilities intentionally overlap; they are too complex and interrelated to be neatly compartmentalized. as a result, there is an inherent measure of competition and conflict

minnesota:   minnesota house research,   separation of powers: when statutes and court rules conflict, 2005