The house of lords powers are limited to:

The House of Lords, now constituted by a large number of prestigious intellectuals and businessmen from the United Kingdom, acts as an advisory body, on complex issues, for the United Kingdom. It is, in a nutshell, the "conglomeration of wise men of the United Kingdom". In this sense we can find deans of universities, renowned scientists, millionaires of age chosen for their contributions to the progress of the United Kingdom and the world, etc. A historical example that concentrates all these attributes is Lord Kelvin.

After the entry into operation on October 1, 2009 of the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, this body assumed the judicial function that until then held the Upper House through the Appellate Committee.

The House of Lords also has the role of controlling the government's performance through questions and investigation commissions. But this control is secondary, as it does not have the capacity to compromise the responsibility of the government. Although in recent history it was this Chamber that ended Margaret Thatcher's term when she began to exhibit unstable and tyrannical behavior on members of her cabinet and therefore on members of the House of Commons.

Thirdly, the House of Lords performs a legislative role. It has the ability to discuss the bills, and it does so in a freer, deeper, more flexible and more rigorous way than the House of Commons. It also reviews the legislative pieces that are sent to it from the House of Commons due to its technical complexity for deep analysis. And finally, the legislative function allows the House of Lords to reject laws submitted by the Commons, although only for a maximum period of one year.

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the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.