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a

explanation:

athenian democracy developed around the fifth century bc in the greek city-state (known as a polis) of athens, comprising the city of athens and the surrounding territory of attica, and is often described as the first known democracy in the world. other greek cities set up democracies, most following the athenian model, but none are as well documented as athens'.

it was a political system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a submissive or a woman, and the number of these was "probably no more than 30 percent of the total adult population."[1]

the longest-lasting democratic leader was pericles. after his death, athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolutions towards the end of the peloponnesian war. it was modified somewhat after it was restored under eucleides; the most detailed accounts of the system are of this fourth-century modification rather than the periclean system. democracy was suppressed by the macedonians in 322 bc. the athenian institutions were later revived, but how close they were to a real democracy is debatable. solon (594 bc), cleisthenes (508/7 bc), and ephialtes (462 bc) contributed to the development of athenian democracy. cleisthenes broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than on their wealth.

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the options of this question are:

a) president wilson’s desire to form the league of nations  

b) germany’s desire for reasonable conditions of surrender and fair treatment.  

c)europe’s desire to maintain original pre-war borders  

d) the allies’ desire to seek retribution for germany’s actions

the correct answer is d) the allies’ desire to seek retribution for germany’s actions.

the allies’ desire to seek retribution for germany’s actions had the greatest influence on how germany was treated after world war i.

it is estimated that the cost of wwi was around 260 billion dollars, and the allies wanted germany to pay a big part for the losses. the allies also wanted to impose land losses as well as limit the army of germany and confiscate their industrial resources to apply the retribution.

in the united states, president woodrow wilson created the fourteen points to be delivered to germany, as a peace program. he presented these documents to the u.s. congress in january 1918.

i believe that d is the right answer