“In the twelfth year of his reign, to regulate foreign trade, Song Emperor Taizu [972 c. e.] decided to appoint a superintendent of maritime trade in the southern port city of Guangzhou, and afterward other superintendents in the ports of Hangzhou and Mingzhou as well. The emperor then appointed another superintendent to oversee the activities of all Arab, Sumatran, Javanese, Bornean, Philippine, and mainland Southeast Asian barbarians whose trade passed through China. These maritime merchants, both Chinese and barbarian, would usually take from China the following goods: gold, silver, strings of coins, lead, tin, many-colored silk, and porcelain. They would usually bring into China spices and aromatics, rhinoceros horn, ivory, coral, embers, pearls, fine steel, sea-turtle leather, tortoiseshell, gemstones, foreign cloth, ebony wood, and other such things. Identify and detail ONE group of people in China who would benefit from these developments, and why.

Identify and detail ONE group of people in China who would be displeased with these developments, and why.