What did the old feudal order give way to, and what kind of governments were created between 1500 and 1800? What did the leaders of these new governments use their income on? (two major things)

What did the rulers of countries like Spain and France set up? How was this new type of government different from before?

How did Absolute Monarchies “preserve” their power?

European monarchs embraced “divine right”. What was the Divine Right theory of rule? Describe it.

the correct answer is:

b) a rich merchant.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.