As Reconstruction came to an end, Southern Democrats disenfranchised African Americans by overturning the Fourteenth Amendment. O passing new voting requirements. o organizing a series of filibusters. abolishing literacy tests for all voters.

After Reconstruction ended in the late 1870s they controlled all the Southern states and disenfranchised blacks (who were Republicans). The "Solid South" gave nearly all its electoral votes to Democrats in presidential elections. Republicans seldom were elected to office outside some Appalachian mountain districts.

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