Many Americans were motivated to seek a return to normalcy Fe World War I because ser O wanted to achieve world peace by joining with other nadons.
saw the present as a simple and peaceful time
saw the past as a simpler, less problematic time
wanted the US to take its place as a leader in world as

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful