In the election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln
?failed to win a majority of the electoral vote.
?won only forty percent of the popular vote.
?failed to win any Northern states.
?won fewer states than Stephen A. Douglas.

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.