Why was the term political machine used to describe corrupt political systems in the late 1800s?
political machines ran very smoothly, like clocks.
political machines created cycles that turned, like gears.
political machines were led by factory owners.
political machines worked like assembly lines.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts