How did european states come to determine chinas economy during the mid-19 century

by creating spheres of influence in chinese territory that granted them special trading rights

explanation:

the causes were diverse: hong kong became an enclave of great britain, with which numerous ports were built that favored the european state. another cause was the interests that countries like france and russia had over northern china, where they were given all the privileges for being european powers, such as taking away from china the areas they wanted for them. for this reason china stagnated in its economy and became a country where the influences of foreign powers had greater dominance. in other words, european states and countries such as japan in asia.

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