Read this excerpt from "a modest proposal" by jonathan swift:
these mothers instead of being able to work for their
honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in
stroling to beg sustenance for their infants who,
as they grow up, either turn thieves for want of work, or
leave their dear native country, to fight for the pretender in
spain, or sell themselves to the barbadoes,
how does including this excerpt at the beginning of the essay contribute to
his argument's impact?

a. it introduces a problem that the essay will attempt to solve.

b. it employs ethos to build up the author's credentials,

c. it proposes a solution that will be supported by evidence.

d. it anticipates a counter-argument that will be addressed later.