After the civil war the nation committed itself to equality for the freedmen through law and constitutional amendment. discuss the forces and events that caused the nation to abandon this commitment during the subsequent years.

This was because of radical republicans who were antagonistic towards the South.  Though were laws that now allowed Blacks to vote, they were prevented by White mobs.  This would lead to another 100 years of struggle for equal rights for African Americans to finally be treated as equals.

worldwide, 780 million people do not have access to an improved water source. an estimated 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation (more than 35% of the world's population)

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.