Which of the following is characteristic of a nongenotoxic carcinogen? a. generally shows little structural diversity b. would be expected to produce positive responses in in vitro assays for mutagenic potential c. has no influence on the promotional stage of carcinogenesis d. typically exerts other forms of toxicity and/or disrupts cellular homeostasis

The correct answer is option d.

Explanation:

The non-genotoxic carcinogens lead to cancer not by amending the genotype, that is, they do not cause mutations straightforwardly. In spite, they result in cancers due to secondary mechanisms that are not associated with direct damage of the gene. They influence either the growth factors or the hormones related to growth.

these muscles maintain the blood pressure in the vessels. the smooth muscles are innervated by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. when the muscles contract, they cause vasoconstriction of the vessels and increase blood pressure. when the muscles relax, they enable vasodilation of the   blood vessels hence reduce blood pressure.  

you know that this symptom is misleading and quite often is related to: heart attack

a heart attack is a condition that occurs when the blood flow that transports oxygen to the heart muscle is damaged or cut off completely. the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood flow can be blocked by the accumulation of plaque. also, when the plaque within the heart artery breaks, it creates blood clot that can also hinder the blood flow. men that are over 45years of age and women that are over 55years of age are at risk of having a heart attack. the symptoms of a heart attack include chest discomfort, chest pain, coughing, and shortness of breath.