Germany unification: unified in 1871 - Otto von Bismarck
Italian unification: Camillo Benso - unified in 1870
Explanation:
The unification of Germany was a historical process that took place in the second half of the nineteenth century in Central Europe and that culminated in the creation of the German Empire on January 18, 1871 bringing together several previously independent states (Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, etc. .). Before the formation of a unified national state, the territory of Germany was divided into a political mosaic of 39 States. Between them they emphasized, by their economic and political importance, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prusia.
The Unification of Italy was the historical process that throughout the nineteenth century led to the union of the various states in which the Italian peninsula was divided, mostly linked to dynasties considered "non-Italian" as the Habsburgs or the Bourbons. The process of Italian unification is summarized as follows: at the beginning of the 19th century the Italic peninsula was composed of several states (Lombardy, under Austrian rule, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Piedmont, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, among others), what responded more to a feudal conception of the territory than to a project of a bourgeois liberal state. After several attempts of unification between 1821 and 1849, which were crushed mainly by the Austrian government and its allies, the skilful policy of the Count of Cavour, minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, managed to interest the French emperor Napoleon III in the territorial unification of the peninsula, which consisted in expelling the Austrians from the north and creating an Italian confederation. Despite the defeat of the Austrian Empire by the French and Sardinian-Piedmontese army, the agreement was not fully fulfilled because of Napoleon's fear of the disapproval of French Catholics. Only Lombardy, conquered by the French and Sardinian-Piedmontese was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. In addition, insurrections broke out during the war in the northern duchies, who demanded and obtained the annexation to Piedmont-Sardinia, which met the first phase of unification.
