1. read the passage.
excerpt from the autobiography of benjamin franklin
the autobiography of benjamin franklin is divided into four parts and documents franklin’s life from 1771 to 1790.
my elder brothers were all put apprentices to different trades. i was put to the grammar-school at eight years of age, my father intending to devote me, as the tithe of his sons, to the service of the church. my early readiness in learning to read (which must have been very early, as i do not remember when i could not read), and the opinion of all his friends, that i should certainly make a good scholar, encouraged him in this purpose of his. my uncle benjamin, too, approved of it and proposed to give me all his short-hand volumes of sermons, i suppose as a stock to set up with if i would learn his character. i continued, however, at the grammar-school not quite one year, though in that time i had risen gradually from the middle of the class of that year to be the head of it, and farther was removed into the next class above it, in order to go with that into the third at the end of the year.
part a
what effect does the word head have on the meaning of this passage?
it demonstrates how intelligent he was.
it indicates he would be a good preacher.
it shows he was a favorite of the teachers.
it reveals how self-important he was.
part b
how does the choice of the word head contribute to the passage’s tone?
it creates a sense of hopefulness.
it provides a sense of tradition.
it offers a sense of entitlement.
it adds a sense of pride.
2. read this sentence from paragraph 2.
they read it, commented on it in my hearing, and i had the exquisite pleasure of finding it met with their approbation, and that, in their different guesses at the author, none were named but men of some character among us for learning and ingenuity.
how does the word exquisite contribute to this passage?
it creates emphasis.
it makes the tone lighter.
it makes the tone more serious.
it clarifies a complex idea.

Section 1:

Part A: What effect does the word head have on the meaning of this passage?

The use of the word "head" demonstrates how intelligent he was. He was the head of his class, which means he had the best grades of everyone in his entire class.

Part B: How does the choice of the word head contribute to the passage’s tone?

The use of the word head contributes a sense of pride to the passage's tone. He didn't mention that he was at the head of his class because he felt entitled to something better, but rather because he had pride in his accomplishments.

Section 2:

How does the word exquisite contribute to this passage?

Exquisite is used to create emphasis. The author uses it to describe his pleasure and wanted to convey he found it very pleasurable.

sentences vary by structure as well as by function. there are compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.

simple sentence

i like to read.

a simple sentence has one independent clause.

compound sentence

i like to read, and i also like to write.

a compound sentence includes more than one independent clause, connected by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet).

complex sentence

i prefer to read books that are bestsellers.

a complex sentence includes one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. (a dependent clause is one that cannot stand alone.) types of dependent clauses include relative clauses (i kicked the boy who pinched me), adverb clauses (i am going home now because i have a curfew), and noun clauses (i don't know what to do next).

compound-complex sentence

although i prefer to read current bestsellers, i do like to read old agatha christie mysteries, and i also like some 20th-century science fiction.

compound-complex sentences take a bunch of clauses (multiple independent clauses, and one or more dependent clauses) and toss them together like a salad. although these sentences take practice to write in a grammatically correct fashion, they can hold a tremendous amount of meaning, and are common in academic writing.

the correct way to cite this in apa format is the following: smith, d. (2001). world environment day. retrieved from  

apa (american psychological association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences.  

quotation styles can differ by use and by styles and every subject has its own unique style of quotation.

explanation: