How was net neutrality caused and why is it an issue?

In 2005, the FCC adopted network neutrality principles "to preserve and promote the vibrant and open character of the Internet as the telecommunications marketplace enters the broadband age." Between 2005 and 2012, five attempts to pass bills in Congress containing net neutrality provisions failed. Opponents of net neutrality, which include ISPs, and telecom equipment manufacturers, assert that net neutrality requirements would reduce their incentive to build out the Internet, reduces competition in the marketplace, and may raise their operating costs which they would have to pass along to their users.  

Explanation:

the answer is b. my dude

to and without are prepositions, so a, b, and d are prepositional phrases. the adverb phrase is c, about the surprise.

explanation: