Which statement from holes contains a cause-effect relationship

Which group or words is not a phrase? a.) leaving behind the dog b.) because she smiled at me c.) smashing into a fence d.) before the first test e.) pushing the sofa

Pl true or false: a hyphen can indicate that a word has been split up at the end of a line and continues onto the next line.

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. many endangered species are currently threatened by climate change. there are some laws already in place, but are they effective enough? anyone with a conscience knows that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without outside threats impeding their survival. i suppose this is a tough decision for lawmakers, but i hope they choose wisely. which statement best evaluates the claim in the passage?