Water to a residential area is transported at a rate of 1.5 m3/s via 70-cm-internal-diameter concrete pipes with a surface roughness of 3 mm and a total length of 1500 m. In order to reduce pumping power requirements, it is proposed to line the interior surfaces of the concrete pipe with 2-cm-thick petroleum-based lining that has a surface roughness thickness of 0.04 mm. There is a concern that the reduction of pipe diameter to 66 cm and the increase in average velocity may offset any gains. Taking rho = 1000 kg/m3 and ν = 1 × 10–6 m2/s for water, determine the percent increase or decrease in the pumping power requirements due to pipe frictional losses as a result of lining the concrete pipes.