An array of m-50 thermoelectric modules is installed on the exhaust of a sports car. each module has an effective seebeck coefficient of sp of 0.143 5vk and an internal electrical resistance of r.-4 ? in addition, : (15 points each module is of width w 60mm and contains n=100 pairs of semiconducting pellets. each pellet hasan overall length of 2l-5mm and a cross-sectional area as 1.2 x 10'm and is characterized by a thermal conductivity of kpl2w rnk. the hot side of each module is exposed to exhaust gases at·p650c with hia4ow rrk while the osite side of each module is cooled by pressurized water at surface) and 156 °c (at the cool surface). 11s c with h: -500w/m'k. the modules are wired n series and the load resistance is r d=400ohm .the module surface temperatures, t, and ts are 183 "c (at the hot surface and 156c (at the cool surface) a)-draw a schematic of this scenario and label all parts. a. b. if the induced current, i, is 0.15 amps, what is the total power (pa) for one module? c. what is the total power harvest from the exhaust with all 50 modules?

It would be d because i did like a whole test about this

Infrared sensor is most used sensor in wireless technology where remote controlling functions and detection of surrounding objects/ obstacles are involved. this post will discuss about what is infrared sensor, its working principle, how it works, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages. what is infrared sensor

ir sensor is a simple electronic device which emits and detects ir radiation in order to find out certain objects/obstacles in its range. some of its features are heat and motion sensing.

ir sensors use infrared radiation of wavelength between 0.75 to 1000µm which falls between visible and microwave regions of electromagnetic spectrum. ir region is not visible to human eyes. infrared spectrum is categorized into three regions based on its wavelength i.e. near infrared, mid infrared, far infrared.

wavelength regions of infrared spectrum

near ir – 0.75µm to 3 µm
mid ir – 3 µm to 6 µm
far ir – > 6 µm
1 introduction to infrared sensor

fig. 1 – introduction to infrared sensor

working principle of infrared sensor

infrared sensors works on three fundamental physics laws:

planck’s radiation law: any object whose temperature is not equal to absolute zero (0 kelvin) emits radiation.
stephan boltzmann law: the total energy emitted at all wavelengths by a black body is related to the absolute temperature.
wein’s displacement law: objects of different temperature emit spectra that peak at different wavelengths that is inversely proportional to temperature.
key elements of infrared detection system

the key elements of infrared detection system are:

ir transmitter

ir transmitter acts as source for ir radiation. according to plank’s radiation law, every object is a source of ir radiation at temp t above 0 kelvin. in most cases black body radiators, tungsten lamps, silicon carbide, infrared lasers, leds of infrared wavelength are used as sources.

transmission medium

as the name suggests, transmission medium provides passage for the radiation to reach from ir transmitter to ir receiver. vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers are used as medium.

ir receiver

generally ir receivers are photo diode and photo transistors. they are capable of detecting infrared radiation. hence ir receiver is also called as ir detector. variety of receivers are available based on wavelength, voltage and package.

ir transmitter and receivers are selected with matching parameters. some of deciding specifications of receivers are photosensitivity or responsivity, noise equivalent power and detectivity.