The command is one of the most commonly used command-line commands. It can be used to check IP connectivity between two network devices.

The concept of comes from the acknowledgment that data changes form and often gets copied, moved, and stored in many places. sensitive data often leaves the protection of application databases and ends up in e-mails, spreadsheets, and personal workstation files.

Match each vocabulary word to its definition.1. desktoppicture used to represent acomputer application2. domainnetwork protectionsoftware code that can be viewed,3. iconmodified, and redistributed for freethe background screen on acomputer monitor4. url5. blogan online journalthe part of an internet address that6. firewallrefers to a group of computers on anetworkonline database of web pages7. intranetnetwork for use by an individual8. open address of a web page or9. wikiresource

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a,b,c,d sharing the medium. (a) stations a,b,c,d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful.when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?