What are the advantages of using a database management system (DBMS) over using file-based data storage?

Advantage of DBMS over file system

No redundant data: Redundancy removed by data normalization. No data duplication saves storage and improves access time.

Data Consistency and Integrity: As we discussed earlier the root cause of data inconsistency is data redundancy, since data normalization takes care of the data redundancy, data inconsistency also been taken care of as part of it

Data Security: It is easier to apply access constraints in database systems so that only authorized user is able to access the data. Each user has a different set of access thus data is secured from the issues such as identity theft, data leaks and misuse of data.

Privacy: Limited access means privacy of data.

Easy access to data – Database systems manages data in such a way so that the data is easily accessible with fast response times.

Easy recovery: Since database systems keeps the backup of data, it is easier to do a full recovery of data in case of a failure.

Flexible: Database systems are more flexible than file processing systems

answer; i believe the correct answer is layers;

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