3) Explain the working principle of catalyst for both rate of reaction and equilibrium reaction . show by means of graphical representation

Explanation:

A catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium state, but it enables equilibrium to be reached more quickly by decreasing the “energy of activation”. In fact, a catalyst affects forward and reverse rates equally.

According to arrhenius theory of acid and bases, an acid is a proton donor, while base donates hydroxyl ions. further, acid and base reacts to form salt and water.consider following example.hcl    +      h2o          →      cl-          +      h3o+here, hcl has donated a proton, hence it is an acid.now consider following reactionhcl      +      naoh            ↔      nacl      +        h2oin this reaction, hcl donates proton, hence it is acid. on other hand, naoh donates hydroxyl ion (i.e. hence it is a base.