The effect of inner electrons on the attraction between the nucleus and the outer of an atom is called - electron affinity

- ionization energy

- atomic radii

- electronegativity

The independent variable is the type of music.the dependent variable is the pulse rate.the intervening variable is the age of the subject.if the mother does not like rock, her pulse is likely to not increase.the same might be true for the sister.the friend may like rap and gets excited.to establish cause/effect relationship, all of the subjects must be consistent.hope i .

The answer to the question is d