Polymers are very large compounds, assembled from smaller units, called monomers. For example, polymer 2, called poly(vinyl acetate), is made from vinyl acetate (1). Polymer 2 can be converted to polymer 4, called poly(vinyl alcohol), or PVA, via a process called hydrolysis (explored further in Chapter 20). Complete hydrolysis of 2 leads to 4, while incomplete hydrolysis of 2 leads to 3 in which the polymer chain still contains some residual acetate groups. Polymer 2 is one of the main ingredients in white glue, while polymer 3 is present in aqueous PVA glues. Describe how IR spectroscopy can be used to monitor the conversion of 3 to 4. Specifically, describe what you would look for to confirm complete hydrolysis of the acetate groups.15

beta decay is the answer

indium, and thallium have three electrons i think

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.