Which is an adequate description of the compounds shown in the diagram?
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H-C-C-C-C-OH
! ! ! !
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H-C-C-C-C-H
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HH OHH
1.
They are isotopes of butanol.
2.
They are isomers of butanol.
3.
They are alkanes.
4.
They are alkenes.

the correct answer to it will be

2. They are isomers of butanol

as In the first case the the position of the alcoholic group is in the 1st carbon atom of butane and in the second its located at the 2nd carbon atom of butane.

so the compound is same with same chemical formula but since the postion of alcoholic group is different in both they become each other's isomers.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.