Carbonated cola is more acidic than coffee or even orange juice because cola contains phosphoric acid. What is the molar concentration of H3O+ in a cola that has a pH of 4.240?

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Van der waals forces are temporary electromagnetic forces established between uncharged atoms. some neutral molecules, when close together, can become temporarily “charged,” as electrons move around the atom. water is a polar molecule, the side of the molecule that the hydrogens bond to being more positive, and the opposite side bound to the lone pairs of electrons being more negative. this means that it participates in dipole-dipole interaction (non-polar exhibits dispersion forces), and it has the capacity for hydrogen bonding.

Given data,temperature, t = 230°c = 503 kconsider the chemical reaction,ch₃oh(l) + 1/2 o₂(g)  → ch₂o(g) + h₂o(l)calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction: δh⁰rxn =  σnδh⁰f(products) -  σmδh⁰f(reactants)substitute the values from the table: δh⁰rxn = { -115.9 + (-285.8)} - {0+(-238.7)}              = -163.0 kjcalculate the entropy change for the reaction.δs⁰rxn = (219 + 70) - (127.2 + 1/2 x 205.2) = 59.2 j/kconsider the expression for free energy: δg⁰rxn =  δh⁰rxn - t  δs⁰rxnsubstitute the values in the above equationδg⁰rxn = -163 x 10³ - (503 x 59.2)              = -192777.6 j              = -192.777 kj

Small amounts of matter are converted intolarge amounts of energy occurs in both fusion and fission reactions. they are nuclear reactions where a change in the identity or characteristics of an atomic nucleus results when it is bombarded with an energetic particle, as in fission, fusion, or radioactive decay.