A technician measures 1.75 L of a standard solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), with a concentration of 9.00 mol/L. Determine the amount of water that must be added to create a solution with a concentration of 2.50 mol/L.

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.

the dissolution of polymer can be thermodynamically described in 2 steps.