In the 1800s, independence for many South American countries meant the end of what? A
political challenges

B
military dictatorship

C
colonial authority

D
international trade

If two atoms are bonded to a central atom with no lone pairs,how will they be arranged

Abeaker with 2.00×102 ml of an acetic acid buffer with a ph of 5.000 is sitting on a benchtop. the total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 m. a student adds 4.70 ml of a 0.360 m hcl solution to the beaker. how much will the ph change? the pka of acetic acid is 4.740.

Which process transfers heat from inside earth to its surface? convection currents in mantle pulling away of tectonic plates drawing in of tectonic plates convection currents in crust