Valence electrons are determined by the... a. highest occupied energy level and Group Number. I
b. highest occupied energy level and Group Number - 8.

Explanation:

A) Highest occupied energy level and Group Number.

air quality

poor drinking water

and heavy polution

can lead to poor health

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.